![]() ![]() tuberculosis is challenging and requires patients to take a combination of drugs for an extended time. tuberculosis and millions of new infections occur each year. It has been estimated that one-third of the world’s population has been infected with M. tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, a disease that primarily impacts the lungs but can infect other parts of the body as well. The genus Mycobacterium is an important cause of a diverse group of infectious diseases. Because of this, a special acid-fast staining procedure is used to visualize these bacteria. ![]() aeruginosaexpress several virulence factors such as flagella, pili, and LPS that play an important role in their pathogenesis. This waxy coat protects the bacteria from some antibiotics, prevents them from drying out, and blocks penetration by Gram stain reagents (see Staining Microscopic Specimens). aeruginosa, a gram-negative bacterium is among the top five organisms causing pulmonary, urinary tract, soft-tissue, and bloodstream infections.88P. The genus Mycobacterium is represented by bacilli covered with a mycolic acid coat. (credit a: modification of work by “GrahamColm”/Wikimedia Commons credit b: modification of work by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention credit c: modification of work by Mwakigonja AR, Torres LM, Mwakyoma HA, Kaaya EE) Gram positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan as their cell wall, whereas gram negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer envelope. This micrograph shows a Pap smear from a woman with vaginosis. (c) The gram-variable bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis causes bacterial vaginosis in women. (b) Corynebacterium diphtheria causes the deadly disease diphtheria. This causes them to appear red to pink under a Gram stain. This particular substance hasnt been found. Gram-negative organisms Gram-negative bacteria have cell walls with thin layers of peptidoglycan (10 of the cell wall) and high lipid (fatty acid) content. The Gram stain provides two important features: the Gram reaction (or color of the cell) and the cell morphology (or the shape of the cell). It is the most commonly used method to observe and identify bacteria. \): (a) Actinomyces israelii (false-color scanning electron micrograph ) has a branched structure. Both gram positive and gram negative cell walls contain an ingredient known as peptidoglycan (also known as murein). The Gram stain is used to distinguish between gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cells. ![]()
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